The medical name for low potassium level is hypokalemia. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypopp is a condition in which affected individuals may. Dietary guidelines for hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Clinical and etiological spectrum of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. The patient presented with sudden onset paralysis of his extremities. Aug 18, 2017 hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is a genetic disease that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness and an increase of the potassium levels in the blood. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypokpp is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder characterized by transient episodes of flaccid muscle weakness, and exceptionally, respiratory failure and death 1,2.
Episodes typically involve a temporary inability to move muscles in the arms and legs. Jun 12, 2017 hypokalemic periodic paralysis hokpp is characterized by episodes of muscle paralysis associated with a fall in blood potassium levels hypokalemia. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in sjogrens syndrome jama. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hkpp is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by recurrent attacks of skeletal muscle weakness with associated hypokalemia which is precipitated by stress, cold, carbohydrate load, infection, glucose infusion, hypothermia, metabolic alkalosis, anesthesia, and steroids. The weakness may be limited to muscle groups or may present as severe muscle paralysis. A 30yearold woman had scleroderma, sjogrens syndrome, deforming polyarthritis, distal renal tubular acidosis, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and persistent mild myopathy. Mar 27, 2019 hypokalemic periodic paralysis is characterized by a fall in potassium levels in the blood. The proband experienced a first paralytic attack at age 14 on awakening in the morning, and was found to have a serum potassium of 2. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypopp is a disorder that causes occasional episodes of muscle weakness and sometimes a lower than normal level of potassium in the blood. Hypokalemic paralysis, particularly if recurrent, has often been considered synonymous with hypokalemic periodic paralysis hpp.
See more ideas about paralysis, electrolytes imbalance, high potassium. Muscle weakness during an attack usually affects the arms and legs and muscles of the eyes, throat, and trunk. Hyperkal periodic paralysis triggers openanesthesia. Apr 30, 2018 a clinically useful classification of primary periodic paralyses, shown in table 1, includes hypokalemic, hyperkalemic, and paramyotonic forms. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare heterogeneous disorder. Review of the diagnosis and treatment of periodic paralysis. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is one form of periodic paralysis, a rare group of disorders that can cause of sudden onset weakness. Familial periodic paralyses information page national. This series summarizes the clinical and metabolic features of 10 patients who presented to the western and sunshine hospitals in melbourne, australia, between 1997 and 2002 with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis tpp. The patients paralysis resolved upon repletion of his low potassium and he was. It is an autosomal dominant disorder, with reduced penetrance in women a male to female ratio of 3 or 4 to 1. Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a turkish male with graves disease.
Periodic paralysis electrolyte disturbance, k, mg, ca hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Most cases are due to familial or primary hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis an overview sciencedirect. Cacna15 gene was sent for the diagnosis of the patient. Indeed, those with an obvious diagnosis of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis would likely not need a challenge test. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis case journal of reproductive. Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a native american patient. Attacks are typically more frequent but shorter in duration than those of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Non periodic form of hypokalemic paralysis was the most common variant in our study. Primary periodic paralyses include hypokalemic paralysis hypopp, hyperkalemic paralysis hyperpp, and andersen.
Tsh, free t3 and free t4 are the minimum indicated. In individuals with this mutation attacks often begin in adolescence and are triggered by strenuous exercise, high carbohydrate meals, or by injection of insulin, glucose, or epinephrine. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis the free dictionary. Links, tp improvement of muscle strength in familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with acetazolamide. Periodic paralysis pp is a rare neuromuscular disorder related to a defect in muscle ion channels, characterized by episodes of painless muscle weakness, which may be precipitated by heavy exercise, fasting, or highcarbohydrate meals. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hokpp is characterized by episodes of muscle paralysis associated with a fall in blood potassium levels hypokalemia. I report a case of a 33yearold caucasian man who presented with sudden onset paralysis, following previous similar presentations without investigation. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hpp is a kind of periodic paralysis, which is a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases. Free publisher full textpmc free full textpmc free pdf. Introduction hypokalemic periodic paralysis hpp is characterized by muscle weakness secondary to low serum potassium levels. The attacks can either occur spontaneously, or be provoked by exercise or a high carbohydrate meal. During a fiveyear period the patients otherwise mild course of disease was complicated by the occurrence of five episodes. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hpp is a rare disorder, with a prevalence of 1. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypokpp is a rare, autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by muscle weakness or paralysis when there is a fall in potassium levels in the blood.
Changes to your diet may help reduce the frequency of episodes of paralysis. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness typically beginning in childhood or adolescence. The condition may be lifethreatening if weakness of the breathing muscles leads to respiratory. In brief, the fresh muscle sample was homogenized for 90 sec with a virtis 45 homogenizer immediately after the biopsy 15 min with 3 volumes of icecold 0. Hyperkal periodic paralysis triggers hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is an autosomal dominant disease leading to intermittent weakness associated with hyperkalemia and often precipitated by a potassiumrich meal, rest after exercise, or stressful situations. Those with unclear diagnoses are often more sick, many times with cardiac symptoms during attacks, such that the challenge tests are disfavored unless absolutely necessary. Laboratory evaluation revealed a markedly low potassium level. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis genetics home reference nih. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis tpp is a condition featuring attacks of muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism overactivity of the thyroid gland. Most often, these episodes involve a temporary inability to move muscles in the arms and legs. Patients with periodic paralysis had significant incidence of rebound hyperkalemia. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis genetic and rare diseases.
Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis is a rare skeletal muscle channelopathy causing flaccid paralysis, which predominantly presents in adolescents and young adults. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypopp was considered. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of skeletal muscle weakness with associated hypokalemia which is precipitated by stress, cold, carbohydrate load, infection, glucose infusion, hypothermia, metabolic alkalosis, anesthesia, and steroids. Hypokalaemic paralysis postgraduate medical journal. Hypokalaemia periodic paralysis liam j stapleton, 2018. Periodic paralysis definition of periodic paralysis by. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare disorder in which a person experiences episodes of painless muscle weakness and often paralysis. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare and dramatic complication of hyperthyroidism. Primary periodic paralysis is not just 1 condition but a group of longterm neuromuscular disorders. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis genetic and rare diseases. Apr 30, 2002 hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypopp is a condition in which affected individuals may experience paralytic episodes with concomitant hypokalemia serum potassium hypokalemic periodic paralysis hpp is a kind of periodic paralysis, which is a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases.
Hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis is a rare channelopathy with muscle weakness and a matching fall in the potassium levels in the blood. Importance hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a muscle channelopathy based on mutations or predisposing variants or secondary to potassium. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis induced by thymic hyperplasia and. Attacks of hypokalemic periodic paralysis are usually triggered by exercising too strenuously, eating too many carbohydrates or taking drugs such as insulin. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis and the dihydropyridine receptor cacnl1a3. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis periodic paralysis i an ad condition of late onset that is more intense in and occurs following strenuous exercise or carbohydrate meals, affecting the extremities, respiratory and cardiac muscle, potentially causing ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions treatment kcl, acetazolamide.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis type 1 is the most frequent form of periodic paralysis with an estimated prevalence of 1100 000. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis hypopp is a condition in which affected individuals may experience paralytic episodes with concomitant hypokalemia serum potassium hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare disorder in which a person experiences episodes of painless muscle weakness and often paralysis. Many levels stay the same and should not be used as a guideline for diagnosis of an episode. Nov 25, 2014 hypokalemic periodic paralysis prevelance 1. Cureus unusual clinical presentation of periodic paralysis. Hypokalaemic paralysis is a relatively uncommon but potentially lifethreatening clinical syndrome. See clinical testing available pdf if the diagnosis is less apparent. Other causes of weakness and paralysis acute intermittent porphyria ascending weakness evaluation labs. The first attack usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. Individuals with this mutation, attacks sometimes begin in. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis free download as powerpoint presentation.
We encountered one such incidence of prolonged recovery after general anesthesia, which on further. If recognised and treated appropriately, patients recover without any clinical sequellae. Episodic weakness and vacuolar myopathy in hypokalemic. However, you will still need to take your potassium tablets as prescribed by your doctor. Hypokalemia a decreased potassium level in the blood is usually present during attacks. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis an overview sciencedirect topics.
Pp is classified as hypokalemic when episodes occur in association with low potassium blood levels or as. It is characterized by episodes of flaccid and sudden muscle weakness. Pdf hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by. Prime pubmed periodic paralysis journal articles from pubmed. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis article about hypokalemic. Primary periodic paralysis ppp is a group of rare diseases that temporarily make muscles stiff, weak, or unable to move. Pdf hypokalaemic paralysis is a relatively uncommon but potentially.
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